ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:Pregnancy is a period that places great physiological stress on both the mother and the fetus. When pregnancy compounded by endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, the potential for maternal and fetal adverse outcomes can be immense. Screening for subclinical hypothyroidism is essential in all pregnant women, especially in the Indian context, as Indian women have increased risk of developing iodine deficiency during pregnancy. Hence, this study planned to evaluate the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on pregnancy outcomes.METHOD:It was a prospective analytical study. Sample size consisted of 73 pregnant women attending antenatal OPD. Thyroid profile (serum TSH, FT3 and FT4) was done during first visit. The results analyzed and SCH decided as per trimester specific cutoffs: TSH >2.5mIU/L in 1st trimester, >3mIU/L in 2ndtrimester and >3.5mIU/L in 3rd trimester. Information regarding general characteristics of participants recorded. The participants followed up to assess the mode of delivery, maternal and fetal outcome and any associated co-morbidities. Women with SCH treated accordingly. RESULTS: Seventy-three antenatal women underwent thyroid screening, of them 24.7% had subclinical hypothyroidism. Proportion of SCH women having age less than 25 years was 55.6% compared to 72.3% in euthyroid women. No significant difference observed between SCH and euthyroid groups for iodized salt consumption, type of diet and BMI (p>0.05). Compared with euthyroid status, SCH was associated with higher rates of High blood pressure (HBP) (27.8% vs 7.3%, p=0.02) and Low birth weight among babies (38.9% vs 14.5%, p=0.03). Proportion of Anaemia and Poor APGAR score was also high in SCH women compared to euthyroid. However, the significance was only marginally high. (Anaemia-72.2% vs 45.5%, p=0.049; Poor APGARscore-27.8% vs 9.1%, p=0.045).CONCLUSION:Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism among pregnant women is fairly high among Indians. Pregnant women with SCH had unfavourable maternal and fetal outcomes specifically there is an increased risk of high blood pressure and low birth weight babies. Thus, routine maternal thyroid function testing is necessary to improve maternal and [Type text]perinatal outcomes.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Stature is considered as the height of a person measured in erect position. It is one of the most important factors in establishing identity of a person. In certain medico-legal cases, where only parts or fragments of human body are found. Such a need arises when there is mass casualty. Aim of current study was to establish anthropometric correlation of stature with hand length and foot length in population of Gujarat and also to derive regression equations for correct estimation of stature of male and female in Gujarati population. Material and Method: 150 asymptomatic, apparently healthy, adolescent and adult medical students with age between 18 to 22 years belonging to various regions of Gujarat were selected. Left foot and left hand was selected for measurement. Result: Regression equation for estimation of height using both foot length and hand length were formulated. By using the derived regression equations, height of subjects was calculated and then compared with actual height of subjects. Conclusion: By the present study we conclude that both foot and hand length can be used in estimation of stature of both males and females with fairly accurate results in Gujarati population.
ABSTRACT
Background: The occipital bone develops partly in cartilage and partly in membrane. The squamous part of occipital bone between two parietal bones occasionally presents a separate bones which are termed as inca, pre-interparietal bone or interparietal bone. Aims & Objective: (1) To determine the incidence of interparietal bone in skulls of Gujarat region. (2) To study different anomalies of interparietal bone and compare it with other studies. Material and Methods: Total 289 dried macerated skulls from Gujarat region were studied for incidence and type of interparietal bone anomaly. Results: Out of total 289 skulls interparietal bone was found in 23 bones giving incidence of 7.96%. Eight different varieties of interparietal bone anomalies were found and noted. Conclusion: Different anomalies of interparietal bone can be easily interpreted using the knowledge of ossification of interparietal part of occipital bone. Pre-interparietal bone is a misnomer and should not be reported separately.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: A study of placental vasculature pattern was undertaken by using corrosion cast technique. The placenta is a highly vascularised organ. In this study we aimed to elucidate the structure of the cotyledonary vasculature of the human placenta after delivery, which serves as a core for the shape of the whole foetal villosity. Material & Method: Appropriate cast material was injected through placental vessels to form a corrosion cast model of placental blood vessels which was followed by meticulous dissection. Results: The cast models demonstrated very well the Hyrtl anastomosis between the umbilical arteries in the vicinity of the umbilical cord insertion into the placenta but no extra-placental anastomosis found between umbilical artery and umbilical vein. The chorionic vasculature exhibits a combination of the dichotomous and monopodial patterns. The chorionic vessels branch through 6 to 8 generations from the cord insertion towards the margins of the chorionic plate. The vein bifurcated twice immediately after insertion into the placenta. Conclusion: 3-dimensional structure of placenta can be demonstrated by micro vascular casts which reflect the shape of the whole or part of the organ, and include specific details such as the capillary architectural structure. Macroscopic visualisation can technically be advanced in 3 ways: treatment of maternal and fetal circulatory systems in common or each of the 2 systems separately.